replaced certain functions with common dependencies

.gitignore

@@ -9,10 +9,6 @@
 *.dylib
 binaries/
 
-# Test binary, built with `go test -c`
-*.test
-*_test.go
-
 # Code coverage profiles and other test artifacts
 *.out
 coverage.*

bargraph.go

@@ -7,192 +7,302 @@ import (
 
 	"fyne.io/fyne/v2"
 	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/canvas"
+	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/container"
 	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/widget"
 )
 
-// barGraphCanvas is a custom widget that renders a bar graph
+// barGraphCanvas is a custom widget that renders a bar graph.
 type barGraphCanvas struct {
 	widget.BaseWidget
 	stats *DiceStatistics
 }
 
 func newBarGraphCanvas(stats *DiceStatistics) *barGraphCanvas {
-	graph := &barGraphCanvas{
+	graph := &barGraphCanvas{stats: stats}
-		stats: stats,
-	}
 	graph.ExtendBaseWidget(graph)
 	return graph
 }
 
 func (b *barGraphCanvas) CreateRenderer() fyne.WidgetRenderer {
 	b.ExtendBaseWidget(b)
-	return &barGraphCanvasRenderer{
+
-		graph: b,
+	background := canvas.NewRectangle(color.NRGBA{R: 20, G: 20, B: 20, A: 255})
+	yAxisLine := canvas.NewLine(color.White)
+	yAxisLine.StrokeWidth = 2
+	xAxisLine := canvas.NewLine(color.White)
+	xAxisLine.StrokeWidth = 2
+	title := canvas.NewText("Probability Distribution", color.White)
+	statsLine1 := canvas.NewText("", color.White)
+	statsLine2 := canvas.NewText("", color.White)
+	yLabel := canvas.NewText("Probability (%)", color.White)
+	xLabel := canvas.NewText("Result Value", color.White)
+
+	renderer := &barGraphCanvasRenderer{
+		graph:      b,
+		background: background,
+		yAxisLine:  yAxisLine,
+		xAxisLine:  xAxisLine,
+		title:      title,
+		statsLine1: statsLine1,
+		statsLine2: statsLine2,
+		yLabel:     yLabel,
+		xLabel:     xLabel,
+		objects: []fyne.CanvasObject{
+			background,
+			yAxisLine,
+			xAxisLine,
+			title,
+			statsLine1,
+			statsLine2,
+			yLabel,
+			xLabel,
+		},
 	}
+
+	renderer.Refresh()
+	return renderer
 }
 
 type barGraphCanvasRenderer struct {
-	graph   *barGraphCanvas
+	graph       *barGraphCanvas
-	objects []fyne.CanvasObject
+	background  *canvas.Rectangle
+	yAxisLine   *canvas.Line
+	xAxisLine   *canvas.Line
+	title       *canvas.Text
+	statsLine1  *canvas.Text
+	statsLine2  *canvas.Text
+	yLabel      *canvas.Text
+	xLabel      *canvas.Text
+	yTicks      []*canvas.Line
+	yTickLabels []*canvas.Text
+	bars        []*canvas.Rectangle
+	barLabels   []*canvas.Text
+	objects     []fyne.CanvasObject
 }
 
 func (r *barGraphCanvasRenderer) Layout(size fyne.Size) {
-	r.Refresh()
+	r.layout(size)
 }
 
 func (r *barGraphCanvasRenderer) MinSize() fyne.Size {
-	return fyne.NewSize(900, 550)
+	return fyne.NewSize(320, 240)
 }
 
 func (r *barGraphCanvasRenderer) Refresh() {
-	r.objects = []fyne.CanvasObject{}
+	stats := r.graph.stats
-
+	if stats == nil || len(stats.Results) == 0 {
-	if r.graph.stats == nil || len(r.graph.stats.Results) == 0 {
+		r.hideAllButBackground()
+		r.background.Show()
+		r.background.Refresh()
 		return
 	}
 
-	stats := r.graph.stats
+	r.background.Show()
-	outcomes := stats.GetSortedOutcomes()
+	r.syncData(stats)
-	maxPercentage := stats.GetMaxPercentage()
+	size := r.graph.Size()
-
+	if size.Width == 0 || size.Height == 0 {
-	// Round up maxPercentage to nearest 5%
+		size = fyne.NewSize(900, 550)
-	roundedMaxPercent := math.Ceil(maxPercentage/5) * 5
-	if roundedMaxPercent < 5 {
-		roundedMaxPercent = 5
 	}
+	r.layout(size)
+}
 
-	// Padding
+func (r *barGraphCanvasRenderer) syncData(stats *DiceStatistics) {
-	topPadding := float32(75)
+	r.title.Show()
-	bottomPadding := float32(80)
+	r.statsLine1.Show()
-	leftPadding := float32(100)
+	r.statsLine2.Show()
-	rightPadding := float32(20)
+	r.yLabel.Show()
+	r.xLabel.Show()
+	r.yAxisLine.Show()
+	r.xAxisLine.Show()
 
-	graphWidth := float32(900) - leftPadding - rightPadding
+	r.statsLine1.Text = fmt.Sprintf("Range: %d to %d  |  Total Outcomes: %s", stats.MinValue, stats.MaxValue, stats.TotalOutcomesText)
-	graphHeight := float32(550) - topPadding - bottomPadding
+	r.statsLine2.Text = fmt.Sprintf("Average: %.2f  |  Most Common: %d", stats.Average, stats.MostCommon)
 
-	// Background
+	axisMaxPercent, tickStep := calculateYAxisScale(stats.GetMaxPercentage())
-	background := canvas.NewRectangle(color.NRGBA{R: 20, G: 20, B: 20, A: 255})
+	numYTicks := int(math.Round(axisMaxPercent / tickStep))
-	background.Move(fyne.NewPos(0, 0))
+	r.ensureYTicks(numYTicks + 1)
-	background.Resize(fyne.NewSize(900, 550))
-	r.objects = append(r.objects, background)
-
-	// Y-axis
-	yAxisLine := canvas.NewLine(color.White)
-	yAxisLine.StrokeWidth = 2
-	yAxisLine.Move(fyne.NewPos(leftPadding, topPadding))
-	yAxisLine.Resize(fyne.NewSize(0, graphHeight))
-	r.objects = append(r.objects, yAxisLine)
-
-	// X-axis
-	xAxisLine := canvas.NewLine(color.White)
-	xAxisLine.StrokeWidth = 2
-	xAxisLine.Move(fyne.NewPos(leftPadding, topPadding+graphHeight))
-	xAxisLine.Resize(fyne.NewSize(graphWidth, 0))
-	r.objects = append(r.objects, xAxisLine)
-
-	// Title
-	title := canvas.NewText("Probability Distribution", color.White)
-	title.TextSize = 16
-	title.Move(fyne.NewPos(leftPadding, 5))
-	r.objects = append(r.objects, title)
-
-	// Statistics info line 1
-	statsLine1 := canvas.NewText(fmt.Sprintf("Range: %d to %d  |  Total Outcomes: %d", stats.MinValue, stats.MaxValue, stats.Total), color.White)
-	statsLine1.TextSize = 11
-	statsLine1.Move(fyne.NewPos(leftPadding, 22))
-	r.objects = append(r.objects, statsLine1)
-
-	// Statistics info line 2
-	statsLine2 := canvas.NewText(fmt.Sprintf("Average: %.2f  |  Most Common: %d", stats.Average, stats.MostCommon), color.White)
-	statsLine2.TextSize = 11
-	statsLine2.Move(fyne.NewPos(leftPadding, 36))
-	r.objects = append(r.objects, statsLine2)
-
-	// Y-axis label
-	yLabel := canvas.NewText("Probability (%)", color.White)
-	yLabel.TextSize = 12
-	yLabel.Move(fyne.NewPos(15, topPadding+graphHeight/2-40))
-	r.objects = append(r.objects, yLabel)
-
-	// X-axis label
-	xLabel := canvas.NewText("Result Value", color.White)
-	xLabel.TextSize = 12
-	xLabel.Move(fyne.NewPos(leftPadding+graphWidth/2-30, topPadding+graphHeight+50))
-	r.objects = append(r.objects, xLabel)
-
-	// Y-axis tick marks and labels
-	numYTicks := int(roundedMaxPercent/5) + 1
 	for i := 0; i <= numYTicks; i++ {
-		percent := float64(i) * 5
+		percent := float64(i) * tickStep
-
+		r.yTicks[i].Show()
-		yPos := topPadding + graphHeight - (float32(percent/roundedMaxPercent) * graphHeight)
+		r.yTickLabels[i].Text = formatPercentLabel(percent)
-
+		r.yTickLabels[i].Show()
-		// Tick mark
+	}
-		tick := canvas.NewLine(color.White)
+	for i := numYTicks + 1; i < len(r.yTicks); i++ {
-		tick.StrokeWidth = 1
+		r.yTicks[i].Hide()
-		tick.Move(fyne.NewPos(leftPadding-5, yPos))
+		r.yTickLabels[i].Hide()
-		tick.Resize(fyne.NewSize(5, 0))
+	}
-		r.objects = append(r.objects, tick)
+
-
+	outcomes := stats.GetSortedOutcomes()
-		// Label
+	r.ensureBars(len(outcomes))
-		label := canvas.NewText(fmt.Sprintf("%.0f%%", percent), color.White)
+	for i := range outcomes {
-		label.TextSize = 10
+		r.bars[i].Show()
-		label.Move(fyne.NewPos(leftPadding-50, yPos-7))
+		r.barLabels[i].Hide()
-		r.objects = append(r.objects, label)
+	}
+	for i := len(outcomes); i < len(r.bars); i++ {
+		r.bars[i].Hide()
+		r.barLabels[i].Hide()
+	}
+
+	r.refreshObjects()
+}
+
+func (r *barGraphCanvasRenderer) layout(size fyne.Size) {
+	r.background.Move(fyne.NewPos(0, 0))
+	r.background.Resize(size)
+
+	stats := r.graph.stats
+	if stats == nil || len(stats.Results) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	axisMaxPercent, tickStep := calculateYAxisScale(stats.GetMaxPercentage())
+	outcomes := stats.GetSortedOutcomes()
+
+	topPadding := clamp(size.Height*0.14, 48, 75)
+	bottomPadding := clamp(size.Height*0.15, 56, 80)
+	leftPadding := clamp(size.Width*0.12, 60, 100)
+	rightPadding := clamp(size.Width*0.03, 16, 24)
+
+	graphWidth := size.Width - leftPadding - rightPadding
+	graphHeight := size.Height - topPadding - bottomPadding
+	if graphWidth <= 0 || graphHeight <= 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	titleSize := clamp(size.Height*0.03, 12, 16)
+	bodyTextSize := clamp(size.Height*0.02, 9, 11)
+	labelTextSize := clamp(size.Height*0.022, 10, 12)
+	tickTextSize := clamp(size.Height*0.018, 8, 10)
+
+	r.yAxisLine.Move(fyne.NewPos(leftPadding, topPadding))
+	r.yAxisLine.Resize(fyne.NewSize(0, graphHeight))
+	r.xAxisLine.Move(fyne.NewPos(leftPadding, topPadding+graphHeight))
+	r.xAxisLine.Resize(fyne.NewSize(graphWidth, 0))
+
+	r.title.TextSize = titleSize
+	r.title.Move(fyne.NewPos(leftPadding, 5))
+
+	r.statsLine1.TextSize = bodyTextSize
+	r.statsLine1.Move(fyne.NewPos(leftPadding, 5+r.title.MinSize().Height))
+
+	r.statsLine2.TextSize = bodyTextSize
+	r.statsLine2.Move(fyne.NewPos(leftPadding, 5+r.title.MinSize().Height+r.statsLine1.MinSize().Height))
+
+	r.yLabel.TextSize = labelTextSize
+	r.yLabel.Move(fyne.NewPos(clamp(leftPadding*0.15, 8, 15), topPadding+graphHeight/2-r.yLabel.MinSize().Height/2))
+
+	r.xLabel.TextSize = labelTextSize
+	r.xLabel.Move(fyne.NewPos(leftPadding+graphWidth/2-r.xLabel.MinSize().Width/2, topPadding+graphHeight+clamp(bottomPadding*0.35, 18, 28)))
+
+	numYTicks := int(math.Round(axisMaxPercent / tickStep))
+	for i := 0; i <= numYTicks && i < len(r.yTicks); i++ {
+		percent := float64(i) * tickStep
+		yPos := topPadding + graphHeight - (float32(percent/axisMaxPercent) * graphHeight)
+
+		r.yTicks[i].Move(fyne.NewPos(leftPadding-5, yPos))
+		r.yTicks[i].Resize(fyne.NewSize(5, 0))
+		r.yTickLabels[i].TextSize = tickTextSize
+		r.yTickLabels[i].Move(fyne.NewPos(leftPadding-50, yPos-7))
 	}
 
-	// Draw bars
 	numBars := len(outcomes)
-	barWidth := (graphWidth - float32(numBars+1)*2) / float32(numBars)
+	if numBars == 0 {
-	if barWidth < 2 {
+		r.refreshObjects()
-		barWidth = 2
+		return
 	}
 
 	barSpacing := float32(2)
+	totalSpacing := float32(numBars+1) * barSpacing
+	barWidth := (graphWidth - totalSpacing) / float32(numBars)
+	if barWidth < 1 {
+		barWidth = 1
+	}
 
-	// Calculate label step to prevent overlapping
 	labelStep := calculateLabelStep(graphWidth, numBars)
-
 	for i, value := range outcomes {
 		percentage := stats.Percentages[value]
+		barHeight := (float32(percentage) / float32(axisMaxPercent)) * graphHeight
+		xPos := leftPadding + barSpacing + float32(i)*(barWidth+barSpacing)
 
-		// Bar height proportional to percentage
+		r.bars[i].Move(fyne.NewPos(xPos, topPadding+graphHeight-barHeight))
-		barHeight := (float32(percentage) / float32(roundedMaxPercent)) * graphHeight
+		r.bars[i].Resize(fyne.NewSize(barWidth, barHeight))
 
-		// X position
+		r.barLabels[i].TextSize = tickTextSize
-		xPos := leftPadding + float32(i)*(barWidth+barSpacing*2) + barSpacing
+		r.barLabels[i].Alignment = fyne.TextAlignCenter
-
+		if i == 0 || i == numBars-1 || (labelStep > 0 && i%labelStep == 0 && i < numBars-labelStep) {
-		// Draw bar
+			r.barLabels[i].Text = fmt.Sprintf("%d", value)
-		bar := canvas.NewRectangle(color.NRGBA{R: 100, G: 180, B: 255, A: 255})
+			r.barLabels[i].Show()
-		bar.Move(fyne.NewPos(xPos, topPadding+graphHeight-barHeight))
+			r.barLabels[i].Move(fyne.NewPos(xPos+barWidth/2-r.barLabels[i].MinSize().Width/2, topPadding+graphHeight+10))
-		bar.Resize(fyne.NewSize(barWidth, barHeight))
+		} else {
-		r.objects = append(r.objects, bar)
+			r.barLabels[i].Hide()
-
-		// X-axis label
-		// Always show first and last label
-		isFirst := i == 0
-		isLast := i == numBars-1
-
-		// Determine if we should show this intermediate label
-		// We show it if it matches the step, BUT we also need to make sure it doesn't clash with the last label
-		// So if we are very close to the end, don't show it (unless it IS the end)
-		showIntermediate := i%labelStep == 0 && i < numBars-labelStep
-
-		if isFirst || isLast || showIntermediate {
-			label := canvas.NewText(fmt.Sprintf("%d", value), color.White)
-			label.TextSize = 10
-
-			// Center label under bar
-			label.Alignment = fyne.TextAlignCenter
-			label.Move(fyne.NewPos(xPos+barWidth/2-label.MinSize().Width/2, topPadding+graphHeight+10))
-
-			r.objects = append(r.objects, label)
 		}
 	}
+
+	r.refreshObjects()
+}
+
+func (r *barGraphCanvasRenderer) ensureYTicks(count int) {
+	for len(r.yTicks) < count {
+		tick := canvas.NewLine(color.White)
+		tick.StrokeWidth = 1
+		label := canvas.NewText("", color.White)
+		r.yTicks = append(r.yTicks, tick)
+		r.yTickLabels = append(r.yTickLabels, label)
+		r.objects = append(r.objects, tick, label)
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *barGraphCanvasRenderer) ensureBars(count int) {
+	for len(r.bars) < count {
+		bar := canvas.NewRectangle(color.NRGBA{R: 100, G: 180, B: 255, A: 255})
+		label := canvas.NewText("", color.White)
+		r.bars = append(r.bars, bar)
+		r.barLabels = append(r.barLabels, label)
+		r.objects = append(r.objects, bar, label)
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *barGraphCanvasRenderer) availableGraphWidth() float32 {
+	size := r.graph.Size()
+	if size.Width == 0 {
+		size.Width = 900
+	}
+	leftPadding := clamp(size.Width*0.12, 60, 100)
+	rightPadding := clamp(size.Width*0.03, 16, 24)
+	return size.Width - leftPadding - rightPadding
+}
+
+func (r *barGraphCanvasRenderer) hideAllButBackground() {
+	for _, object := range r.objects {
+		object.Hide()
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *barGraphCanvasRenderer) refreshObjects() {
+	for _, object := range r.objects {
+		object.Refresh()
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *barGraphCanvasRenderer) Objects() []fyne.CanvasObject {
+	return r.objects
+}
+
+func (r *barGraphCanvasRenderer) Destroy() {
+}
+
+func clamp(value, minValue, maxValue float32) float32 {
+	if value < minValue {
+		return minValue
+	}
+	if value > maxValue {
+		return maxValue
+	}
+	return value
 }
 
 func calculateLabelStep(graphWidth float32, numBars int) int {
-	labelWidthEstimate := float32(35) // Estimate width of a label
+	labelWidthEstimate := float32(35)
 	maxLabels := int(graphWidth / labelWidthEstimate)
 	if maxLabels < 1 {
 		maxLabels = 1
@@ -204,14 +314,41 @@ func calculateLabelStep(graphWidth float32, numBars int) int {
 	return labelStep
 }
 
-func (r *barGraphCanvasRenderer) Objects() []fyne.CanvasObject {
+func calculateYAxisScale(maxPercentage float64) (axisMax float64, tickStep float64) {
-	return r.objects
+	if maxPercentage <= 0 {
+		return 1, 0.2
+	}
+
+	targetTicks := 5.0
+	rawStep := maxPercentage / targetTicks
+	magnitude := math.Pow(10, math.Floor(math.Log10(rawStep)))
+	normalized := rawStep / magnitude
+
+	switch {
+	case normalized <= 1:
+		tickStep = 1 * magnitude
+	case normalized <= 2:
+		tickStep = 2 * magnitude
+	case normalized <= 2.5:
+		tickStep = 2.5 * magnitude
+	case normalized <= 5:
+		tickStep = 5 * magnitude
+	default:
+		tickStep = 10 * magnitude
+	}
+
+	axisMax = math.Ceil(maxPercentage/tickStep) * tickStep
+	return axisMax, tickStep
 }
 
-func (r *barGraphCanvasRenderer) Destroy() {
+func formatPercentLabel(percent float64) string {
+	if math.Abs(percent-math.Round(percent)) < 0.0001 {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%.0f%%", percent)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%.1f%%", percent)
 }
 
-// ShowStatisticsWindow creates and shows a statistics window for the given expression
+// ShowStatisticsWindow creates and shows a statistics window for the given expression.
 func ShowStatisticsWindow(expression string) {
 	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -219,12 +356,10 @@ func ShowStatisticsWindow(expression string) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Create the bar graph
 	graph := newBarGraphCanvas(stats)
 
-	// Create and show the window
 	window := fyne.CurrentApp().NewWindow("Statistics: " + expression)
-	window.SetContent(graph)
+	window.SetContent(container.NewMax(graph))
 	window.Resize(fyne.NewSize(900, 550))
 	window.Show()
 }

calculations_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,517 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// TestCalculateDice_BasicDiceRoll tests simple dice rolls
+func TestCalculateDice_BasicDiceRoll(t *testing.T) {
+	result, diceRolls, err := CalculateDice("d20")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CalculateDice failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result < 1 || result > 20 {
+		t.Errorf("d20 should roll 1-20, got %v", result)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(diceRolls, "1d20") {
+		t.Errorf("diceRolls should contain '1d20', got %q", diceRolls)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDice_MultipleDice tests multiple dice
+func TestCalculateDice_MultipleDice(t *testing.T) {
+	result, _, err := CalculateDice("2d6")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CalculateDice failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result < 2 || result > 12 {
+		t.Errorf("2d6 should roll 2-12, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDice_AdditionWithDice tests dice with addition
+func TestCalculateDice_AdditionWithDice(t *testing.T) {
+	result, _, err := CalculateDice("1d6+5")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CalculateDice failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result < 6 || result > 11 {
+		t.Errorf("1d6+5 should roll 6-11, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDice_SubtractionWithDice tests dice with subtraction
+func TestCalculateDice_SubtractionWithDice(t *testing.T) {
+	result, _, err := CalculateDice("2d10-5")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CalculateDice failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result < -3 || result > 15 {
+		t.Errorf("2d10-5 should roll -3 to 15, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDice_MultiplicationWithDice tests dice with multiplication
+func TestCalculateDice_MultiplicationWithDice(t *testing.T) {
+	result, _, err := CalculateDice("1d5*2")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CalculateDice failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result < 2 || result > 10 {
+		t.Errorf("1d5*2 should roll 2-10, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDice_DivisionWithDice tests dice with division
+func TestCalculateDice_DivisionWithDice(t *testing.T) {
+	result, _, err := CalculateDice("1d6/2")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CalculateDice failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result < 0 || result > 3 {
+		t.Errorf("1d6/2 should roll 0-3, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDice_HighestDiceModifier tests the 'H' modifier
+func TestCalculateDice_HighestDiceModifier(t *testing.T) {
+	// 2d20H should return only the highest die
+	result, _, err := CalculateDice("2d20H")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CalculateDice failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result < 1 || result > 20 {
+		t.Errorf("2d20H should roll 1-20 (highest of two d20s), got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDice_LowestDiceModifier tests the 'L' modifier
+func TestCalculateDice_LowestDiceModifier(t *testing.T) {
+	// 2d20L should return only the lowest die
+	result, _, err := CalculateDice("2d20L")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CalculateDice failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result < 1 || result > 20 {
+		t.Errorf("2d20L should roll 1-20 (lowest of two d20s), got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDice_ComplexExpression tests complex mathematical expressions
+func TestCalculateDice_ComplexExpression(t *testing.T) {
+	result, _, err := CalculateDice("2d6+3*2")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CalculateDice failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// 2d6 (2-12) + 3*2 (6) = 8-18
+	if result < 8 || result > 18 {
+		t.Errorf("2d6+3*2 should roll 8-18, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDice_ParenthesesExpression tests expressions with parentheses
+func TestCalculateDice_ParenthesesExpression(t *testing.T) {
+	result, _, err := CalculateDice("(1d4+2)*3")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CalculateDice failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// (1d4+2)*3 = (3-6)*3 = 9-18
+	if result < 9 || result > 18 {
+		t.Errorf("(1d4+2)*3 should roll 9-18, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDice_MultipleAddends tests multiple addends
+func TestCalculateDice_MultipleAddends(t *testing.T) {
+	result, _, err := CalculateDice("1d4+1d6+1d8")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CalculateDice failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// 1d4 (1-4) + 1d6 (1-6) + 1d8 (1-8) = 3-18
+	if result < 3 || result > 18 {
+		t.Errorf("1d4+1d6+1d8 should roll 3-18, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDice_PrefixModifier tests prefix H/L modifiers
+func TestCalculateDice_PrefixModifier(t *testing.T) {
+	result, _, err := CalculateDice("H2d20")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CalculateDice failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result < 1 || result > 20 {
+		t.Errorf("H2d20 should roll 1-20 (highest of two d20s), got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDice_EmptyExpression tests error handling for empty expression
+func TestCalculateDice_EmptyExpression(t *testing.T) {
+	_, _, err := CalculateDice("")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("Empty expression should return error")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDice_InvalidDiceCount tests error handling for invalid dice count
+func TestCalculateDice_InvalidDiceCount(t *testing.T) {
+	_, _, err := CalculateDice("0d6")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("0d6 should return error")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDice_InvalidDiceSides tests error handling for invalid dice sides
+func TestCalculateDice_InvalidDiceSides(t *testing.T) {
+	_, _, err := CalculateDice("1d0")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("1d0 should return error")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDice_PlaceholderDice tests error handling for placeholder dice
+func TestCalculateDice_PlaceholderDice(t *testing.T) {
+	_, _, err := CalculateDice("dx")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("dx should return error")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEvaluateMathExpression_SimpleAddition tests simple addition
+func TestEvaluateMathExpression_SimpleAddition(t *testing.T) {
+	result, err := evaluateMathExpression("5+3")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("evaluateMathExpression failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result != 8 {
+		t.Errorf("5+3 should be 8, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEvaluateMathExpression_Subtraction tests subtraction
+func TestEvaluateMathExpression_Subtraction(t *testing.T) {
+	result, err := evaluateMathExpression("10-3")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("evaluateMathExpression failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result != 7 {
+		t.Errorf("10-3 should be 7, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEvaluateMathExpression_Multiplication tests multiplication
+func TestEvaluateMathExpression_Multiplication(t *testing.T) {
+	result, err := evaluateMathExpression("4*5")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("evaluateMathExpression failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result != 20 {
+		t.Errorf("4*5 should be 20, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEvaluateMathExpression_Division tests division
+func TestEvaluateMathExpression_Division(t *testing.T) {
+	result, err := evaluateMathExpression("20/4")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("evaluateMathExpression failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result != 5 {
+		t.Errorf("20/4 should be 5, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEvaluateMathExpression_OperatorPrecedence tests operator precedence (multiplication before addition)
+func TestEvaluateMathExpression_OperatorPrecedence(t *testing.T) {
+	result, err := evaluateMathExpression("2+3*4")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("evaluateMathExpression failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result != 14 {
+		t.Errorf("2+3*4 should be 14, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEvaluateMathExpression_Parentheses tests parentheses override precedence
+func TestEvaluateMathExpression_Parentheses(t *testing.T) {
+	result, err := evaluateMathExpression("(2+3)*4")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("evaluateMathExpression failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result != 20 {
+		t.Errorf("(2+3)*4 should be 20, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEvaluateMathExpression_Exponentiation tests exponentiation
+func TestEvaluateMathExpression_Exponentiation(t *testing.T) {
+	result, err := evaluateMathExpression("2^3")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("evaluateMathExpression failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result != 8 {
+		t.Errorf("2^3 should be 8, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEvaluateMathExpression_UnaryMinus tests unary minus
+func TestEvaluateMathExpression_UnaryMinus(t *testing.T) {
+	result, err := evaluateMathExpression("-5+10")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("evaluateMathExpression failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result != 5 {
+		t.Errorf("-5+10 should be 5, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEvaluateMathExpression_FloatingPoint tests floating point numbers
+func TestEvaluateMathExpression_FloatingPoint(t *testing.T) {
+	result, err := evaluateMathExpression("3.5+2.5")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("evaluateMathExpression failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result != 6 {
+		t.Errorf("3.5+2.5 should be 6, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEvaluateMathExpression_DivisionByZero tests division by zero error
+func TestEvaluateMathExpression_DivisionByZero(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := evaluateMathExpression("5/0")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("Division by zero should return error")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEvaluateMathExpression_MissingClosingParen tests missing closing parenthesis error
+func TestEvaluateMathExpression_MissingClosingParen(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := evaluateMathExpression("(2+3")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("Missing closing parenthesis should return error")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEvaluateMathExpression_InvalidCharacter tests invalid character error
+func TestEvaluateMathExpression_InvalidCharacter(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := evaluateMathExpression("5@3")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("Invalid character should return error")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEvaluateMathExpression_Whitespace tests whitespace handling
+func TestEvaluateMathExpression_Whitespace(t *testing.T) {
+	result, err := evaluateMathExpression("  5  +  3  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("evaluateMathExpression failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result != 8 {
+		t.Errorf("'  5  +  3  ' should be 8, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEvaluateMathExpression_ComplexExpression tests complex mathematical expressions
+func TestEvaluateMathExpression_ComplexExpression(t *testing.T) {
+	result, err := evaluateMathExpression("((2+3)*4-5)/3")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("evaluateMathExpression failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// ((2+3)*4-5)/3 = (5*4-5)/3 = (20-5)/3 = 15/3 = 5
+	if result != 5 {
+		t.Errorf("((2+3)*4-5)/3 should be 5, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRollDiceSet_Range tests rollDiceSet produces values in correct range
+func TestRollDiceSet_Range(t *testing.T) {
+	rolls := rollDiceSet(10, 20)
+	if len(rolls) != 10 {
+		t.Errorf("rollDiceSet(10, 20) should return 10 rolls, got %d", len(rolls))
+	}
+	for i, roll := range rolls {
+		if roll < 1 || roll > 20 {
+			t.Errorf("Roll %d is %d, expected 1-20", i, roll)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRollDiceSet_Variability tests rollDiceSet produces different values
+func TestRollDiceSet_Variability(t *testing.T) {
+	rolls := rollDiceSet(100, 6)
+	seenValues := make(map[int]bool)
+	for _, roll := range rolls {
+		seenValues[roll] = true
+	}
+	// With 100 rolls of 1d6, we should see multiple different values
+	if len(seenValues) < 3 {
+		t.Errorf("100 rolls of 1d6 should see at least 3 different values, got %d", len(seenValues))
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDice_OutputFormat tests the output format
+func TestCalculateDice_OutputFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	_, diceRolls, err := CalculateDice("2d6")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CalculateDice failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Should contain information about the rolls
+	if !strings.Contains(diceRolls, "2d6") {
+		t.Errorf("diceRolls should contain '2d6', got %q", diceRolls)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(diceRolls, "(") || !strings.Contains(diceRolls, ")") {
+		t.Errorf("diceRolls should be formatted with parentheses, got %q", diceRolls)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDice_PrefixAndSuffixModifiers tests that suffix modifier takes priority
+func TestCalculateDice_PrefixAndSuffixModifiers(t *testing.T) {
+	// When both prefix and suffix modifiers are present, suffix should take priority
+	result, _, err := CalculateDice("H2d20L")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CalculateDice failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Should use L (suffix) modifier, not H
+	if result < 1 || result > 20 {
+		t.Errorf("H2d20L should use L modifier and roll 1-20, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEvaluateMathExpression_LargeNumbers tests large number handling
+func TestEvaluateMathExpression_LargeNumbers(t *testing.T) {
+	result, err := evaluateMathExpression("1000000+2000000")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("evaluateMathExpression failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result != 3000000 {
+		t.Errorf("1000000+2000000 should be 3000000, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEvaluateMathExpression_ExponentiationPrecedence tests exponentiation precedence
+func TestEvaluateMathExpression_ExponentiationPrecedence(t *testing.T) {
+	result, err := evaluateMathExpression("2+3^2")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("evaluateMathExpression failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// 2 + (3^2) = 2 + 9 = 11
+	if result != 11 {
+		t.Errorf("2+3^2 should be 11, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEvaluateMathExpression_NestedParentheses tests nested parentheses
+func TestEvaluateMathExpression_NestedParentheses(t *testing.T) {
+	result, err := evaluateMathExpression("((10))")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("evaluateMathExpression failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result != 10 {
+		t.Errorf("((10)) should be 10, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDice_NegativeResult tests expressions that can produce negative results
+func TestCalculateDice_NegativeResult(t *testing.T) {
+	result, _, err := CalculateDice("1d4-10")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CalculateDice failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// 1d4 (1-4) - 10 = -9 to -6
+	if result < -9 || result > -6 {
+		t.Errorf("1d4-10 should roll -9 to -6, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestExpandDiceNotation_SingleDice tests expansion of single dice notation
+func TestExpandDiceNotation_SingleDice(t *testing.T) {
+	// This test verifies that dice notation expands correctly
+	// We can't test exact values due to randomness, but we can test the format
+	expanded, diceRolls, err := expandDiceNotation("1d6")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expandDiceNotation failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// expanded should be a number between 1 and 6
+	val, err := evaluateMathExpression(expanded)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expanded result should be valid: %v", err)
+	}
+	if val < 1 || val > 6 {
+		t.Errorf("1d6 should expand to 1-6, got %v", val)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(diceRolls, "1d6") {
+		t.Errorf("diceRolls should contain '1d6', got %q", diceRolls)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestExpandDiceNotation_WithModifier tests expansion with H/L modifier
+func TestExpandDiceNotation_WithModifier(t *testing.T) {
+	expanded, _, err := expandDiceNotation("2d20H")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expandDiceNotation failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	val, err := evaluateMathExpression(expanded)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expanded result should be valid: %v", err)
+	}
+	if val < 1 || val > 20 {
+		t.Errorf("2d20H should expand to 1-20, got %v", val)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDice_PowerOperator tests the power/exponentiation operator
+func TestCalculateDice_PowerOperator(t *testing.T) {
+	result, _, err := CalculateDice("2^3")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CalculateDice failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result != 8 {
+		t.Errorf("2^3 should be 8, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDice_ZeroDice tests zero values
+func TestCalculateDice_ZeroDice(t *testing.T) {
+	result, _, err := CalculateDice("0")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CalculateDice failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("0 should be 0, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEvaluateMathExpression_NestedExpression tests deeply nested expressions
+func TestEvaluateMathExpression_NestedExpression(t *testing.T) {
+	result, err := evaluateMathExpression("(((2+3)))")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("evaluateMathExpression failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if result != 5 {
+		t.Errorf("(((2+3))) should be 5, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDice_MultipleOperations tests multiple different operations
+func TestCalculateDice_MultipleOperations(t *testing.T) {
+	result, _, err := CalculateDice("1d4+2-1")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CalculateDice failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// 1d4 (1-4) + 2 - 1 = 2-5
+	if result < 2 || result > 5 {
+		t.Errorf("1d4+2-1 should roll 2-5, got %v", result)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestEvaluateMathExpression_ChainedExponentiation tests chained exponentiation
+func TestEvaluateMathExpression_ChainedExponentiation(t *testing.T) {
+	result, err := evaluateMathExpression("2^2^2")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("evaluateMathExpression failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Left-associative: (2^2)^2 = 4^2 = 16
+	if result != 16 {
+		t.Errorf("2^2^2 (left-associative) should be 16, got %v", result)
+	}
+}

go.mod

@@ -36,5 +36,6 @@ require (
 	golang.org/x/net v0.35.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.22.0 // indirect
+	gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.14.0 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -73,6 +73,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0 h1:QjkSwP/36a20jFYWkSue1YwXzLmsV5Gfq7Eiy72C1uc=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.30.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/text v0.22.0 h1:bofq7m3/HAFvbF51jz3Q9wLg3jkvSPuiZu/pD1XwgtM=
 golang.org/x/text v0.22.0/go.mod h1:YRoo4H8PVmsu+E3Ou7cqLVH8oXWIHVoX0jqUWALQhfY=
+gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.14.0 h1:2NiG67LD1tEH0D7kM+ps2V+fXmsAnpUeec7n8tcr4S0=
+gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.14.0/go.mod h1:AoWeoz0becf9QMWtE8iWXNXc27fK4fNeHNf/oMejGfU=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20200227125254-8fa46927fb4f h1:BLraFXnmrev5lT+xlilqcH8XK9/i0At2xKjWk4p6zsU=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v1.0.0-20200227125254-8fa46927fb4f/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=

main.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"image/color"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -20,8 +21,10 @@ func main() {
 	var historyList *widget.List
 
 	// Dice input bar
-	diceInputEntry := newCustomEntry(fyne.CurrentApp().Settings().Theme().Size(theme.SizeNameText) * 2)
+	inputTextSize := fyne.CurrentApp().Settings().Theme().Size(theme.SizeNameText) * 2
+	diceInputEntry := newCustomEntry(inputTextSize)
 	diceInputEntry.SetPlaceHolder("e.g., 2d20H, 3d6+5")
+	diceInputContainer := container.NewThemeOverride(diceInputEntry, newSizeOverrideTheme(fyne.CurrentApp().Settings().Theme(), inputTextSize))
 
 	historyList = widget.NewList(
 		func() int {
@@ -62,6 +65,12 @@ func main() {
 		}
 	}
 
+	clearHistory := func() {
+		calculations = nil
+		diceInputEntry.SetText("")
+		historyList.Refresh()
+	}
+
 	// Roll button
 	rollButton := newCustomButton2WithImportance("ROLL", widget.HighImportance, roll)
 
@@ -69,92 +78,134 @@ func main() {
 		roll()
 	}
 
-	buttons := []fyne.CanvasObject{
+	graphButton := newCustomButton2WithColors("📊", color.NRGBA{R: 46, G: 160, B: 67, A: 255}, color.White, func() {
-		newCustomButton2("H", func() {
+		diceInput := strings.TrimSpace(diceInputEntry.Text)
-			diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "H")
+		if diceInput == "" {
-		}),
+			return
-		newCustomButton2("dX", func() {
+		}
-			diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "d")
+		ShowStatisticsWindow(diceInput)
-		}),
+		roll()
-		newCustomButton2("d4", func() {
+	})
-			diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "d4")
+
-		}),
+	lButton := newCustomButton2("L", func() {
-		newCustomButton2("d6", func() {
+		diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "L")
-			diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "d6")
+	})
-		}),
+	hButton := newCustomButton2("H", func() {
-		newCustomButton2("d8", func() {
+		diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "H")
-			diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "d8")
+	})
-		}),
+	dxButton := newCustomButton2("dX", func() {
-		newCustomButton2("L", func() {
+		diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "d")
-			diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "L")
+	})
-		}),
+	d4Button := newCustomButton2("d4", func() {
-		newCustomButton2("d10", func() {
+		diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "d4")
-			diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "d10")
+	})
-		}),
+	d6Button := newCustomButton2("d6", func() {
-		newCustomButton2("d12", func() {
+		diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "d6")
-			diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "d12")
+	})
-		}),
+	d8Button := newCustomButton2("d8", func() {
-		newCustomButton2("d20", func() {
+		diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "d8")
-			diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "d20")
+	})
-		}),
+	d10Button := newCustomButton2("d10", func() {
-		newCustomButton2("d100", func() {
+		diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "d10")
-			diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "d100")
+	})
-		}),
+	d12Button := newCustomButton2("d12", func() {
-		createCalcButton("7", diceInputEntry),
+		diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "d12")
-		createCalcButton("8", diceInputEntry),
+	})
-		createCalcButton("9", diceInputEntry),
+	d20Button := newCustomButton2("d20", func() {
-		newCustomButton2("*", func() {
+		diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "d20")
-			diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "*")
+	})
-		}),
+	d100Button := newCustomButton2("d100", func() {
-		newCustomButton2("BKSP", func() {
+		diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "d100")
-			text := diceInputEntry.Text
+	})
-			if len(text) > 0 {
+	sevenButton := createCalcButton("7", diceInputEntry)
-				diceInputEntry.SetText(text[:len(text)-1])
+	eightButton := createCalcButton("8", diceInputEntry)
-			}
+	nineButton := createCalcButton("9", diceInputEntry)
-		}),
+	fourButton := createCalcButton("4", diceInputEntry)
-		createCalcButton("4", diceInputEntry),
+	fiveButton := createCalcButton("5", diceInputEntry)
-		createCalcButton("5", diceInputEntry),
+	sixButton := createCalcButton("6", diceInputEntry)
-		createCalcButton("6", diceInputEntry),
+	oneButton := createCalcButton("1", diceInputEntry)
-		newCustomButton2("/", func() {
+	twoButton := createCalcButton("2", diceInputEntry)
-			diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "/")
+	threeButton := createCalcButton("3", diceInputEntry)
-		}),
+	zeroButton := createCalcButton("0", diceInputEntry)
-		newCustomButton2("C", func() {
+	multiplyButton := newCustomButton2("*", func() {
-			diceInputEntry.SetText("")
+		diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "*")
-		}),
+	})
-		createCalcButton("1", diceInputEntry),
+	backspaceButton := newCustomButton2("BKSP", func() {
-		createCalcButton("2", diceInputEntry),
+		text := diceInputEntry.Text
-		createCalcButton("3", diceInputEntry),
+		if len(text) > 0 {
-		newCustomButton2("+", func() {
+			diceInputEntry.SetText(text[:len(text)-1])
-			diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "+")
+		}
-		}),
+	})
-		newCustomButton2("📊", func() {
+	divideButton := newCustomButton2("/", func() {
-			diceInput := strings.TrimSpace(diceInputEntry.Text)
+		diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "/")
-			if diceInput == "" {
+	})
-				return
+	clearButton := newCustomButton2("C", func() {
-			}
+		diceInputEntry.SetText("")
-			ShowStatisticsWindow(diceInput)
+	})
-			roll()
+	addButton := newCustomButton2("+", func() {
-		}),
+		diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "+")
-		newCustomButton2(".", func() {
+	})
-			diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + ".")
+	acButton := newCustomButton2WithColors("AC", color.NRGBA{R: 198, G: 40, B: 40, A: 255}, color.White, clearHistory)
-		}),
+	decimalButton := newCustomButton2(".", func() {
-		createCalcButton("0", diceInputEntry),
+		diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + ".")
-		newCustomButton2("^", func() {
+	})
-			diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "^")
+	powerButton := newCustomButton2("^", func() {
-		}),
+		diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "^")
-		newCustomButton2("-", func() {
+	})
-			diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "-")
+	subtractButton := newCustomButton2("-", func() {
-		}),
+		diceInputEntry.SetText(diceInputEntry.Text + "-")
-		rollButton,
+	})
+
+	keypadButtons := []fyne.CanvasObject{
+		lButton, hButton, dxButton, d4Button, d6Button, graphButton,
+		d8Button, d10Button, d12Button, d20Button, d100Button,
+		sevenButton, eightButton, nineButton, multiplyButton, backspaceButton, rollButton,
+		fourButton, fiveButton, sixButton, divideButton, clearButton,
+		oneButton, twoButton, threeButton, addButton, acButton,
+		decimalButton, zeroButton, powerButton, subtractButton,
 	}
 
-	buttonsContainer := container.New(newAspectRatioLayout(3.0/2.0, 7, 5))
+	buttonSpans := map[fyne.CanvasObject]gridSpan{
-	for _, button := range buttons {
+		lButton:         {row: 0, col: 0, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		hButton:         {row: 0, col: 1, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		dxButton:        {row: 0, col: 2, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		d4Button:        {row: 0, col: 3, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		d6Button:        {row: 0, col: 4, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		graphButton:     {row: 0, col: 5, rowSpan: 2, colSpan: 1},
+		d8Button:        {row: 1, col: 0, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		d10Button:       {row: 1, col: 1, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		d12Button:       {row: 1, col: 2, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		d20Button:       {row: 1, col: 3, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		d100Button:      {row: 1, col: 4, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		sevenButton:     {row: 2, col: 0, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		eightButton:     {row: 2, col: 1, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		nineButton:      {row: 2, col: 2, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		multiplyButton:  {row: 2, col: 3, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		backspaceButton: {row: 2, col: 4, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		rollButton:      {row: 2, col: 5, rowSpan: 4, colSpan: 1},
+		fourButton:      {row: 3, col: 0, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		fiveButton:      {row: 3, col: 1, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		sixButton:       {row: 3, col: 2, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		divideButton:    {row: 3, col: 3, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		clearButton:     {row: 3, col: 4, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		oneButton:       {row: 4, col: 0, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		twoButton:       {row: 4, col: 1, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		threeButton:     {row: 4, col: 2, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		addButton:       {row: 4, col: 3, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		acButton:        {row: 4, col: 4, rowSpan: 2, colSpan: 1},
+		decimalButton:   {row: 5, col: 0, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		zeroButton:      {row: 5, col: 1, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		powerButton:     {row: 5, col: 2, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+		subtractButton:  {row: 5, col: 3, rowSpan: 1, colSpan: 1},
+	}
+
+	buttonsContainer := container.New(newSpanGridLayout(6, 6, buttonSpans))
+	for _, button := range keypadButtons {
 		buttonsContainer.Add(button)
 	}
 
 	topContent := container.NewBorder(
-		diceInputEntry,
+		diceInputContainer,
 		nil,
 		nil,
 		nil,

statistics.go

@@ -3,34 +3,57 @@ package main
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"math"
+	"math/big"
 	"regexp"
+	"runtime"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
+
+	"gonum.org/v1/gonum/stat"
 )
 
-// DiceStatistics holds the theoretical statistics for a dice roll
+// DiceStatistics holds the theoretical statistics for a dice roll.
 type DiceStatistics struct {
-	MinValue    int
+	MinValue          int
-	MaxValue    int
+	MaxValue          int
-	Results     map[int]int     // outcome -> count of ways to achieve it
+	Results           Distribution // outcome -> probability
-	Total       int             // total number of possible outcomes
+	TotalOutcomes     *big.Int     // exact number of equally likely underlying outcomes
-	Percentages map[int]float64 // outcome -> percentage
+	TotalOutcomesText string       // cached string form for UI
-	Average     float64         // average/mean value
+	Percentages       map[int]float64
-	MostCommon  int             // most common (median) value
+	SortedOutcomes    []int
+	MaxPercentage     float64
+	Average           float64
+	MostCommon        int
 }
 
-// Distribution represents the frequency distribution of outcomes
+// Distribution represents the probability distribution of outcomes.
-type Distribution map[int]int
+type Distribution map[int]float64
+
+type distResult struct {
+	dist          Distribution
+	totalOutcomes *big.Int
+}
+
+type distributionEntry struct {
+	value  int
+	weight float64
+}
+
+const (
+	combineParallelThreshold     = 4096
+	convolutionParallelThreshold = 4096
+	probabilityEpsilon           = 1e-12
+)
 
 // Regex patterns for parsing
 var (
-	diceTokenPattern = regexp.MustCompile(`^([HL])?(\d*)d(\d+)([HL])?`)
+	diceTokenPattern   = regexp.MustCompile(`^([HL])?(\d*)d(\d+)([HL])?`)
-	// Updated numberTokenPattern to include optional decimal part
 	numberTokenPattern = regexp.MustCompile(`^(\d+(\.\d+)?)`)
 )
 
-// CalculateDiceStatistics calculates the theoretical distribution of possible outcomes for a dice expression
+// CalculateDiceStatistics calculates the theoretical distribution of possible outcomes for a dice expression.
 func CalculateDiceStatistics(expression string) (*DiceStatistics, error) {
 	expression = strings.TrimSpace(expression)
 	if expression == "" {
@@ -38,7 +61,7 @@ func CalculateDiceStatistics(expression string) (*DiceStatistics, error) {
 	}
 
 	parser := &statParser{expr: expression, pos: 0}
-	outcomes, err := parser.parseExpression()
+	result, err := parser.parseExpression()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -48,49 +71,18 @@ func CalculateDiceStatistics(expression string) (*DiceStatistics, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected character at position %d: '%c'", parser.pos, parser.expr[parser.pos])
 	}
 
-	if len(outcomes) == 0 {
+	if len(result.dist) == 0 {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no valid outcomes for expression")
 	}
 
-	// Find min and max
-	minVal := 0
-	maxVal := 0
-	first := true
-	totalCount := 0
-
-	for value, count := range outcomes {
-		totalCount += count
-		if first {
-			minVal = value
-			maxVal = value
-			first = false
-		} else {
-			if value < minVal {
-				minVal = value
-			}
-			if value > maxVal {
-				maxVal = value
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Calculate percentages
-	percentages := make(map[int]float64)
-	for value, count := range outcomes {
-		percentages[value] = (float64(count) / float64(totalCount)) * 100
-	}
-
 	stats := &DiceStatistics{
-		MinValue:    minVal,
+		Results:           normalizeDistribution(result.dist),
-		MaxValue:    maxVal,
+		TotalOutcomes:     cloneBigInt(result.totalOutcomes),
-		Results:     outcomes,
+		TotalOutcomesText: cloneBigInt(result.totalOutcomes).String(),
-		Total:       totalCount,
+		Percentages:       make(map[int]float64, len(result.dist)),
-		Percentages: percentages,
 	}
 
-	// Calculate average and most common value
+	stats.populateDerivedFields()
-	stats.calculateAverageAndMedian()
-
 	return stats, nil
 }
 
@@ -106,11 +98,11 @@ func (p *statParser) skipWhitespace() {
 	}
 }
 
-// parseExpression handles addition and subtraction
+// parseExpression handles addition and subtraction.
-func (p *statParser) parseExpression() (Distribution, error) {
+func (p *statParser) parseExpression() (distResult, error) {
 	left, err := p.parseTerm()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return distResult{}, err
 	}
 
 	for {
@@ -123,16 +115,16 @@ func (p *statParser) parseExpression() (Distribution, error) {
 			p.pos++
 			right, err := p.parseTerm()
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
+				return distResult{}, err
 			}
-			left = addDist(left, right)
+			left = combineIndependent(left, right, func(a, b int) int { return a + b })
 		} else if p.expr[p.pos] == '-' {
 			p.pos++
 			right, err := p.parseTerm()
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
+				return distResult{}, err
 			}
-			left = subDist(left, right)
+			left = combineIndependent(left, right, func(a, b int) int { return a - b })
 		} else {
 			break
 		}
@@ -141,11 +133,11 @@ func (p *statParser) parseExpression() (Distribution, error) {
 	return left, nil
 }
 
-// parseTerm handles multiplication, division and implicit multiplication
+// parseTerm handles multiplication, division and implicit multiplication.
-func (p *statParser) parseTerm() (Distribution, error) {
+func (p *statParser) parseTerm() (distResult, error) {
 	left, err := p.parsePower()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return distResult{}, err
 	}
 
 	for {
@@ -159,23 +151,22 @@ func (p *statParser) parseTerm() (Distribution, error) {
 			p.pos++
 			right, err := p.parsePower()
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
+				return distResult{}, err
 			}
-			left = multDist(left, right)
+			left = combineIndependent(left, right, func(a, b int) int { return a * b })
 		} else if c == '/' {
 			p.pos++
 			right, err := p.parsePower()
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
+				return distResult{}, err
 			}
-			left = divDist(left, right)
+			left = combineIndependentFiltered(left, right, divideValues)
 		} else if c == '(' || (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || c == 'd' || c == 'H' || c == 'L' {
-			// Implicit multiplication for things that look like factors
 			right, err := p.parsePower()
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
+				return distResult{}, err
 			}
-			left = multDist(left, right)
+			left = combineIndependent(left, right, func(a, b int) int { return a * b })
 		} else {
 			break
 		}
@@ -184,11 +175,11 @@ func (p *statParser) parseTerm() (Distribution, error) {
 	return left, nil
 }
 
-// parsePower handles exponentiation
+// parsePower handles exponentiation.
-func (p *statParser) parsePower() (Distribution, error) {
+func (p *statParser) parsePower() (distResult, error) {
 	left, err := p.parseFactor()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return distResult{}, err
 	}
 
 	for {
@@ -201,9 +192,9 @@ func (p *statParser) parsePower() (Distribution, error) {
 			p.pos++
 			right, err := p.parseFactor() // Left-associative to match calculator
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
+				return distResult{}, err
 			}
-			left = powDist(left, right)
+			left = combineIndependent(left, right, powerValues)
 		} else {
 			break
 		}
@@ -212,29 +203,27 @@ func (p *statParser) parsePower() (Distribution, error) {
 	return left, nil
 }
 
-// parseFactor handles parentheses, dice, and numbers
+// parseFactor handles parentheses, dice, and numbers.
-func (p *statParser) parseFactor() (Distribution, error) {
+func (p *statParser) parseFactor() (distResult, error) {
 	p.skipWhitespace()
 	if p.pos >= len(p.expr) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected end of expression")
+		return distResult{}, fmt.Errorf("unexpected end of expression")
 	}
 
-	// Parentheses
 	if p.expr[p.pos] == '(' {
 		p.pos++
 		dist, err := p.parseExpression()
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return distResult{}, err
 		}
 		p.skipWhitespace()
 		if p.pos >= len(p.expr) || p.expr[p.pos] != ')' {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("missing closing parenthesis")
+			return distResult{}, fmt.Errorf("missing closing parenthesis")
 		}
 		p.pos++
 		return dist, nil
 	}
 
-	// Try Dice Pattern
 	remaining := p.expr[p.pos:]
 	if loc := diceTokenPattern.FindStringIndex(remaining); loc != nil {
 		token := remaining[loc[0]:loc[1]]
@@ -242,246 +231,415 @@ func (p *statParser) parseFactor() (Distribution, error) {
 		return parseDiceToken(token)
 	}
 
-	// Try Number Pattern
 	if loc := numberTokenPattern.FindStringIndex(remaining); loc != nil {
 		token := remaining[loc[0]:loc[1]]
 		p.pos += loc[1]
-		// Parse as float then cast to int (truncate/floor) to handle buttons like "."
 		valFloat, err := strconv.ParseFloat(token, 64)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid number: %s", token)
+			return distResult{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid number: %s", token)
 		}
-		return Distribution{int(valFloat): 1}, nil
+		return newDistResult(Distribution{int(valFloat): 1}), nil
 	}
 
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected character: %c", p.expr[p.pos])
+	return distResult{}, fmt.Errorf("unexpected character: %c", p.expr[p.pos])
 }
 
-func parseDiceToken(token string) (Distribution, error) {
+func parseDiceToken(token string) (distResult, error) {
 	matches := diceTokenPattern.FindStringSubmatch(token)
+	if matches == nil {
+		return distResult{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid dice term: %s", token)
+	}
 
-	if matches != nil {
+	prefixModifier := matches[1]
-		// It is a dice expression
+	countStr := matches[2]
-		prefixModifier := matches[1]
+	sidesStr := matches[3]
-		countStr := matches[2]
+	suffixModifier := matches[4]
-		sidesStr := matches[3]
-		suffixModifier := matches[4]
 
-		count := 1
+	count := 1
-		if countStr != "" {
+	if countStr != "" {
-			c, err := strconv.Atoi(countStr)
+		c, err := strconv.Atoi(countStr)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			count = c
-		}
-
-		sides, err := strconv.Atoi(sidesStr)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return distResult{}, err
 		}
-
+		count = c
-		modifier := ""
-		if suffixModifier != "" {
-			modifier = suffixModifier
-		} else if prefixModifier != "" {
-			modifier = prefixModifier
-		}
-
-		return getDiceOutcomes(count, sides, modifier), nil
 	}
 
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid dice term: %s", token)
+	sides, err := strconv.Atoi(sidesStr)
-}
+	if err != nil {
-
+		return distResult{}, err
-// Operations on Distributions
-
-func addDist(a, b Distribution) Distribution {
-	res := make(Distribution)
-	for valA, countA := range a {
-		for valB, countB := range b {
-			res[valA+valB] += countA * countB
-		}
 	}
-	return res
+	if count <= 0 || sides <= 0 {
-}
+		return distResult{}, fmt.Errorf("dice terms must use positive counts and sides")
-
-func subDist(a, b Distribution) Distribution {
-	res := make(Distribution)
-	for valA, countA := range a {
-		for valB, countB := range b {
-			res[valA-valB] += countA * countB
-		}
 	}
-	return res
-}
 
-func multDist(a, b Distribution) Distribution {
+	modifier := ""
-	res := make(Distribution)
+	if suffixModifier != "" {
-	for valA, countA := range a {
+		modifier = suffixModifier
-		for valB, countB := range b {
+	} else if prefixModifier != "" {
-			res[valA*valB] += countA * countB
+		modifier = prefixModifier
-		}
 	}
-	return res
+
+	return getDiceOutcomes(count, sides, modifier), nil
 }
 
-func divDist(a, b Distribution) Distribution {
+func newDistResult(dist Distribution) distResult {
-	res := make(Distribution)
+	return distResult{
-	for valA, countA := range a {
+		dist:          normalizeDistribution(dist),
-		for valB, countB := range b {
+		totalOutcomes: big.NewInt(1),
-			if valB == 0 {
+	}
-				continue // Division by zero yields no outcome
+}
+
+func cloneBigInt(v *big.Int) *big.Int {
+	if v == nil {
+		return big.NewInt(0)
+	}
+	return new(big.Int).Set(v)
+}
+
+func multiplyOutcomeCounts(a, b *big.Int) *big.Int {
+	return new(big.Int).Mul(cloneBigInt(a), cloneBigInt(b))
+}
+
+func normalizeDistribution(dist Distribution) Distribution {
+	total := 0.0
+	for _, weight := range dist {
+		total += weight
+	}
+	if total == 0 {
+		return dist
+	}
+
+	if math.Abs(total-1) <= probabilityEpsilon {
+		pruned := make(Distribution, len(dist))
+		for value, weight := range dist {
+			if weight != 0 {
+				pruned[value] = weight
 			}
-			res[valA/valB] += countA * countB
+		}
+		return pruned
+	}
+
+	normalized := make(Distribution, len(dist))
+	for value, weight := range dist {
+		probability := weight / total
+		if probability != 0 {
+			normalized[value] = probability
 		}
 	}
-	return res
+	return normalized
 }
 
-func powDist(a, b Distribution) Distribution {
+func combineIndependent(a, b distResult, op func(int, int) int) distResult {
-	res := make(Distribution)
+	return distResult{
-	for valA, countA := range a {
+		dist:          combineDistributions(a.dist, b.dist, op),
-		for valB, countB := range b {
+		totalOutcomes: multiplyOutcomeCounts(a.totalOutcomes, b.totalOutcomes),
-			// Integer exponentiation
+	}
-			// Standard behavior for non-negative exponents
+}
-			// Negative exponents with int base result in 0 (unless -1, 1).
+
-			val := 0
+func combineIndependentFiltered(a, b distResult, op func(int, int) (int, bool)) distResult {
-			if valB >= 0 {
+	return distResult{
-				val = int(math.Pow(float64(valA), float64(valB)))
+		dist:          combineDistributionsFiltered(a.dist, b.dist, op),
-			} else {
+		totalOutcomes: multiplyOutcomeCounts(a.totalOutcomes, b.totalOutcomes),
-				// Integer division for 1/(a^-b) usually 0
+	}
-				val = int(math.Pow(float64(valA), float64(valB)))
+}
+
+func combineDistributions(a, b Distribution, op func(int, int) int) Distribution {
+	if len(a) == 0 || len(b) == 0 {
+		return Distribution{}
+	}
+
+	entriesA := make([]distributionEntry, 0, len(a))
+	for value, weight := range a {
+		entriesA = append(entriesA, distributionEntry{value: value, weight: weight})
+	}
+
+	entriesB := make([]distributionEntry, 0, len(b))
+	for value, weight := range b {
+		entriesB = append(entriesB, distributionEntry{value: value, weight: weight})
+	}
+
+	workSize := len(entriesA) * len(entriesB)
+	if workSize < combineParallelThreshold || len(entriesA) < 2 {
+		return combineDistributionsSerial(entriesA, entriesB, op)
+	}
+
+	workerCount := runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0)
+	if workerCount > len(entriesA) {
+		workerCount = len(entriesA)
+	}
+	if workerCount < 2 {
+		return combineDistributionsSerial(entriesA, entriesB, op)
+	}
+
+	chunkSize := (len(entriesA) + workerCount - 1) / workerCount
+	partials := make([]Distribution, workerCount)
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+
+	for worker := 0; worker < workerCount; worker++ {
+		start := worker * chunkSize
+		if start >= len(entriesA) {
+			break
+		}
+		end := start + chunkSize
+		if end > len(entriesA) {
+			end = len(entriesA)
+		}
+
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(workerIndex, from, to int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			local := make(Distribution)
+			for _, left := range entriesA[from:to] {
+				for _, right := range entriesB {
+					local[op(left.value, right.value)] += left.weight * right.weight
+				}
 			}
-			res[val] += countA * countB
+			partials[workerIndex] = local
-		}
+		}(worker, start, end)
-	}
-	return res
-}
-
-// getDiceOutcomes returns a map of all possible outcomes for a dice roll and their frequencies
-func getDiceOutcomes(count int, sides int, modifier string) map[int]int {
-	outcomes := make(map[int]int)
-
-	if modifier == "H" {
-		// Keep only the highest die
-		generateHighestOutcomes(count, sides, []int{}, outcomes)
-	} else if modifier == "L" {
-		// Keep only the lowest die
-		generateLowestOutcomes(count, sides, []int{}, outcomes)
-	} else {
-		// Sum all dice
-		generateSumOutcomes(count, sides, []int{}, outcomes)
 	}
 
-	return outcomes
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	result := make(Distribution)
+	for _, partial := range partials {
+		for value, weight := range partial {
+			result[value] += weight
+		}
+	}
+	return normalizeDistribution(result)
 }
 
-// generateSumOutcomes recursively generates all sums
+func combineDistributionsFiltered(a, b Distribution, op func(int, int) (int, bool)) Distribution {
-func generateSumOutcomes(remaining int, sides int, current []int, outcomes map[int]int) {
+	if len(a) == 0 || len(b) == 0 {
-	if remaining == 0 {
+		return Distribution{}
-		sum := 0
+	}
-		for _, val := range current {
+
-			sum += val
+	result := make(Distribution)
+	for leftValue, leftWeight := range a {
+		for rightValue, rightWeight := range b {
+			value, ok := op(leftValue, rightValue)
+			if !ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			result[value] += leftWeight * rightWeight
 		}
-		outcomes[sum]++
+	}
+	return normalizeDistribution(result)
+}
+
+func combineDistributionsSerial(entriesA, entriesB []distributionEntry, op func(int, int) int) Distribution {
+	result := make(Distribution)
+	for _, left := range entriesA {
+		for _, right := range entriesB {
+			result[op(left.value, right.value)] += left.weight * right.weight
+		}
+	}
+	return normalizeDistribution(result)
+}
+
+func divideValues(a, b int) (int, bool) {
+	if b == 0 {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	return a / b, true
+}
+
+func powerValues(a, b int) int {
+	return int(math.Pow(float64(a), float64(b)))
+}
+
+// getDiceOutcomes returns a probability distribution for a dice roll and the exact total outcome count.
+func getDiceOutcomes(count int, sides int, modifier string) distResult {
+	totalOutcomes := new(big.Int).Exp(big.NewInt(int64(sides)), big.NewInt(int64(count)), nil)
+
+	var outcomes Distribution
+	switch modifier {
+	case "H":
+		outcomes = highestDieDistribution(count, sides)
+	case "L":
+		outcomes = lowestDieDistribution(count, sides)
+	default:
+		outcomes = sumDiceDistribution(count, sides)
+	}
+
+	return distResult{
+		dist:          outcomes,
+		totalOutcomes: totalOutcomes,
+	}
+}
+
+func sumDiceDistribution(count int, sides int) Distribution {
+	current := []float64{1}
+	singleDieProbability := 1 / float64(sides)
+
+	for die := 0; die < count; die++ {
+		next := make([]float64, len(current)+sides)
+		if len(current)*sides >= convolutionParallelThreshold {
+			convolveStepParallel(current, next, sides, singleDieProbability)
+		} else {
+			convolveStepSerial(current, next, sides, singleDieProbability)
+		}
+		current = next
+	}
+
+	outcomes := make(Distribution, count*(sides-1)+1)
+	for sum, probability := range current {
+		if probability != 0 {
+			outcomes[sum] = probability
+		}
+	}
+	return normalizeDistribution(outcomes)
+}
+
+func convolveStepSerial(current, next []float64, sides int, singleDieProbability float64) {
+	for sum, probability := range current {
+		if probability == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		for face := 1; face <= sides; face++ {
+			next[sum+face] += probability * singleDieProbability
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func convolveStepParallel(current, next []float64, sides int, singleDieProbability float64) {
+	workerCount := runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0)
+	if workerCount > len(current) {
+		workerCount = len(current)
+	}
+	if workerCount < 2 {
+		convolveStepSerial(current, next, sides, singleDieProbability)
 		return
 	}
 
-	for die := 1; die <= sides; die++ {
+	chunkSize := (len(current) + workerCount - 1) / workerCount
-		generateSumOutcomes(remaining-1, sides, append(current, die), outcomes)
+	partials := make([][]float64, workerCount)
-	}
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-}
 
-// generateHighestOutcomes recursively generates all highest-die outcomes
+	for worker := 0; worker < workerCount; worker++ {
-func generateHighestOutcomes(remaining int, sides int, current []int, outcomes map[int]int) {
+		start := worker * chunkSize
-	if remaining == 0 {
+		if start >= len(current) {
-		highest := 0
+			break
-		for _, val := range current {
+		}
-			if val > highest {
+		end := start + chunkSize
-				highest = val
+		if end > len(current) {
+			end = len(current)
+		}
+
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(workerIndex, from, to int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			local := make([]float64, len(next))
+			for sum := from; sum < to; sum++ {
+				probability := current[sum]
+				if probability == 0 {
+					continue
+				}
+				for face := 1; face <= sides; face++ {
+					local[sum+face] += probability * singleDieProbability
+				}
 			}
+			partials[workerIndex] = local
+		}(worker, start, end)
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	for _, partial := range partials {
+		if partial == nil {
+			continue
 		}
-		outcomes[highest]++
+		for i, probability := range partial {
-		return
+			next[i] += probability
-	}
-
-	for die := 1; die <= sides; die++ {
-		generateHighestOutcomes(remaining-1, sides, append(current, die), outcomes)
-	}
-}
-
-// generateLowestOutcomes recursively generates all lowest-die outcomes
-func generateLowestOutcomes(remaining int, sides int, current []int, outcomes map[int]int) {
-	if remaining == 0 {
-		lowest := sides + 1
-		for _, val := range current {
-			if val < lowest {
-				lowest = val
-			}
-		}
-		outcomes[lowest]++
-		return
-	}
-
-	for die := 1; die <= sides; die++ {
-		generateLowestOutcomes(remaining-1, sides, append(current, die), outcomes)
-	}
-}
-
-// GetSortedOutcomes returns sorted unique outcomes
-func (s *DiceStatistics) GetSortedOutcomes() []int {
-	var outcomes []int
-	for value := range s.Results {
-		outcomes = append(outcomes, value)
-	}
-	sort.Ints(outcomes)
-	return outcomes
-}
-
-// GetMaxPercentage returns the maximum percentage value
-func (s *DiceStatistics) GetMaxPercentage() float64 {
-	maxPercentage := 0.0
-	for _, percentage := range s.Percentages {
-		if percentage > maxPercentage {
-			maxPercentage = percentage
 		}
 	}
-	return maxPercentage
 }
 
-// calculateAverageAndMedian calculates the average and most common value
+func highestDieDistribution(count int, sides int) Distribution {
-func (s *DiceStatistics) calculateAverageAndMedian() {
+	outcomes := make(Distribution, sides)
+	denominator := float64(sides)
+	for value := 1; value <= sides; value++ {
+		current := math.Pow(float64(value)/denominator, float64(count))
+		previous := math.Pow(float64(value-1)/denominator, float64(count))
+		probability := current - previous
+		if probability != 0 {
+			outcomes[value] = probability
+		}
+	}
+	return normalizeDistribution(outcomes)
+}
+
+func lowestDieDistribution(count int, sides int) Distribution {
+	outcomes := make(Distribution, sides)
+	denominator := float64(sides)
+	for value := 1; value <= sides; value++ {
+		current := math.Pow(float64(sides-value+1)/denominator, float64(count))
+		next := math.Pow(float64(sides-value)/denominator, float64(count))
+		probability := current - next
+		if probability != 0 {
+			outcomes[value] = probability
+		}
+	}
+	return normalizeDistribution(outcomes)
+}
+
+func (s *DiceStatistics) populateDerivedFields() {
 	if len(s.Results) == 0 {
-		s.Average = 0
+		s.TotalOutcomesText = cloneBigInt(s.TotalOutcomes).String()
-		s.MostCommon = 0
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Calculate average (mean)
+	s.SortedOutcomes = make([]int, 0, len(s.Results))
-	sum := 0
+	s.Percentages = make(map[int]float64, len(s.Results))
-	totalCount := 0
-	for value, count := range s.Results {
-		sum += value * count
-		totalCount += count
-	}
-	s.Average = float64(sum) / float64(totalCount)
 
-	// Find most common (mode) - the value with highest count
+	// Prepare data for weighted mean calculation using gonum
-	maxCount := 0
+	outcomes := make([]float64, 0, len(s.Results))
-	for value, count := range s.Results {
+	weights := make([]float64, 0, len(s.Results))
-		if count > maxCount {
+
-			maxCount = count
+	first := true
+	maxProbability := 0.0
+	for value, probability := range s.Results {
+		s.SortedOutcomes = append(s.SortedOutcomes, value)
+		s.Percentages[value] = probability * 100
+
+		if first {
+			s.MinValue = value
+			s.MaxValue = value
+			s.MostCommon = value
+			first = false
+		} else {
+			if value < s.MinValue {
+				s.MinValue = value
+			}
+			if value > s.MaxValue {
+				s.MaxValue = value
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Collect data for weighted mean calculation
+		outcomes = append(outcomes, float64(value))
+		weights = append(weights, probability)
+
+		// Mode: find outcome with highest probability
+		if probability > maxProbability || (math.Abs(probability-maxProbability) <= probabilityEpsilon && value < s.MostCommon) {
+			maxProbability = probability
 			s.MostCommon = value
 		}
 	}
 
-	// If there are tied values, choose the smallest one
+	// Calculate weighted mean using gonum/stat
-	if maxCount > 0 {
+	s.Average = stat.Mean(outcomes, weights)
-		for value, count := range s.Results {
+
-			if count == maxCount && value < s.MostCommon {
+	sort.Ints(s.SortedOutcomes)
-				s.MostCommon = value
+	s.MaxPercentage = maxProbability * 100
-			}
+}
-		}
+
-	}
+// GetSortedOutcomes returns cached sorted unique outcomes.
+func (s *DiceStatistics) GetSortedOutcomes() []int {
+	return s.SortedOutcomes
+}
+
+// GetMaxPercentage returns the cached maximum percentage value.
+func (s *DiceStatistics) GetMaxPercentage() float64 {
+	return s.MaxPercentage
 }

statistics_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,706 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_Multiplication(t *testing.T) {
+	expression := "5d10*3"
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("CalculateDiceStatistics(%q) failed: %v", expression, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// For 5d10, min is 5, max is 50.
+	// With *3, min should be 15, max should be 150.
+	if stats.MinValue != 15 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue 15, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+	if stats.MaxValue != 150 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxValue 150, got %d", stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_Basic(t *testing.T) {
+	// 2d6 -> 2-12
+	expression := "2d6"
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if stats.MinValue != 2 || stats.MaxValue != 12 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 2-12, got %d-%d", stats.MinValue, stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_Constant(t *testing.T) {
+	// 5 + 3 -> 8
+	expression := "5+3"
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if stats.MinValue != 8 || stats.MaxValue != 8 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 8-8, got %d-%d", stats.MinValue, stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_Mixed_ConstantMult(t *testing.T) {
+	// 1d4 + 2 * 3 -> 1d4 + 6 -> 7-10
+	expression := "1d4+2*3"
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if stats.MinValue != 7 || stats.MaxValue != 10 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 7-10, got %d-%d", stats.MinValue, stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_Mixed_DiceMult(t *testing.T) {
+	// 1d4*2 + 3 -> (1..4)*2 + 3 -> {2,4,6,8} + 3 -> {5,7,9,11}
+	expression := "1d4*2+3"
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if stats.MinValue != 5 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue 5, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+	if stats.MaxValue != 11 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxValue 11, got %d", stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+	// Check that 6 is NOT a possible outcome (since outcomes are 5, 7, 9, 11)
+	if _, exists := stats.Results[6]; exists {
+		t.Errorf("Did not expect outcome 6 to exist")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_ParenthesisAndDiceMult(t *testing.T) {
+	// (5d10+3)*d10
+	// 5d10 ranges 5-50. +3 ranges 8-53.
+	// d10 ranges 1-10.
+	// Min: 8 * 1 = 8.
+	// Max: 53 * 10 = 530.
+	expression := "(5d10+3)*d10"
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to calculate %s: %v", expression, err)
+	}
+	if stats.MinValue != 8 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue 8, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+	if stats.MaxValue != 530 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxValue 530, got %d", stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_ComplexParentheses(t *testing.T) {
+	// 2 * (1d4 + 1) -> 2 * {2,3,4,5} -> {4,6,8,10}
+	expression := "2 * (1d4 + 1)"
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if stats.MinValue != 4 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue 4, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+	if stats.MaxValue != 10 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxValue 10, got %d", stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+	if _, exists := stats.Results[5]; exists {
+		t.Errorf("Outcome 5 should not exist")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_ImplicitMult_Dice(t *testing.T) {
+	// d203d10 -> 1d203 * 1d10
+	// Min: 1 * 1 = 1
+	// Max: 203 * 10 = 2030
+	expression := "d203d10"
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to calculate %s: %v", expression, err)
+	}
+	if stats.MinValue != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue 1, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+	if stats.MaxValue != 2030 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxValue 2030, got %d", stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_ImplicitMult_ConstantDice(t *testing.T) {
+	// 2d10 -> 2 * d10 -> 2,4,6...20?
+	// NO! 2d10 should be parsed as "2 dice of 10 sides".
+	// The parser MUST prioritize dice notation over implicit multiplication.
+	expression := "2d10"
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// 2d10 is sum of 2 dice. Min 2, Max 20. All values 2..20 possible.
+	if stats.MinValue != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue 2, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+	if stats.MaxValue != 20 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxValue 20, got %d", stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+	if _, exists := stats.Results[3]; !exists {
+		t.Errorf("Expected outcome 3 to exist for 2d10")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_ImplicitMult_NumberDice(t *testing.T) {
+	// 3 d10 -> 3 * d10
+	expression := "3 d10"
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if stats.MinValue != 3 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue 3, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+	if stats.MaxValue != 30 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxValue 30, got %d", stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+	if _, exists := stats.Results[4]; exists {
+		t.Errorf("Did not expect outcome 4 to exist for 3 * d10")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_Division(t *testing.T) {
+	// 1d6 / 2
+	// Outcomes: 1/2=0, 2/2=1, 3/2=1, 4/2=2, 5/2=2, 6/2=3
+	// Expected: 0, 1, 2, 3
+	expression := "1d6/2"
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if stats.MinValue != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue 0, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+	if stats.MaxValue != 3 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxValue 3, got %d", stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_Power(t *testing.T) {
+	// 1d4 ^ 2
+	// Outcomes: 1, 4, 9, 16
+	expression := "1d4^2"
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if stats.MinValue != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue 1, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+	if stats.MaxValue != 16 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxValue 16, got %d", stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+	if _, exists := stats.Results[9]; !exists {
+		t.Errorf("Expected outcome 9 to exist")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_Decimal(t *testing.T) {
+	// 2.5 + 2.5 = 2 + 2 = 4 (floor logic)
+	expression := "2.5 + 2.5"
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if stats.MinValue != 4 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue 4, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_SingleD20 tests a single d20 roll
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_SingleD20(t *testing.T) {
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics("d20")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if stats.MinValue != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue 1, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+	if stats.MaxValue != 20 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxValue 20, got %d", stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+	// All outcomes should be equally likely (1/20 probability)
+	expectedProb := 1.0 / 20.0
+	for value := 1; value <= 20; value++ {
+		prob, exists := stats.Results[value]
+		if !exists {
+			t.Errorf("Expected outcome %d to exist", value)
+		}
+		if prob < expectedProb-0.01 || prob > expectedProb+0.01 {
+			t.Errorf("d20 outcome %d has probability %f, expected %f", value, prob, expectedProb)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_AverageValue tests average calculation
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_AverageValue(t *testing.T) {
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics("1d6")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Average of 1d6 should be 3.5
+	expectedAvg := 3.5
+	if stats.Average < expectedAvg-0.1 || stats.Average > expectedAvg+0.1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected average ~3.5, got %f", stats.Average)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_MostCommonValue tests most common outcome
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_MostCommonValue(t *testing.T) {
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics("2d6")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Most common roll for 2d6 should be 7
+	if stats.MostCommon != 7 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MostCommon 7, got %d", stats.MostCommon)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_SortedOutcomes tests sorted outcomes
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_SortedOutcomes(t *testing.T) {
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics("1d4")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	expected := []int{1, 2, 3, 4}
+	if len(stats.SortedOutcomes) != len(expected) {
+		t.Errorf("Expected %d outcomes, got %d", len(expected), len(stats.SortedOutcomes))
+	}
+	for i, outcome := range stats.SortedOutcomes {
+		if outcome != expected[i] {
+			t.Errorf("Expected outcome[%d] = %d, got %d", i, expected[i], outcome)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_Percentages tests percentage calculations
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_Percentages(t *testing.T) {
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics("d20")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Each outcome should be 5% (1/20)
+	expectedPercentage := 5.0
+	for value := 1; value <= 20; value++ {
+		pct, exists := stats.Percentages[value]
+		if !exists {
+			t.Errorf("Expected percentage for outcome %d", value)
+		}
+		if pct < expectedPercentage-0.1 || pct > expectedPercentage+0.1 {
+			t.Errorf("d20 outcome %d has percentage %f%%, expected %f%%", value, pct, expectedPercentage)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_TotalOutcomes tests total outcomes calculation
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_TotalOutcomes(t *testing.T) {
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics("2d6")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// 2d6 should have 6*6 = 36 total outcomes
+	if stats.TotalOutcomes.Int64() != 36 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 36 total outcomes for 2d6, got %d", stats.TotalOutcomes.Int64())
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_Subtraction tests subtraction in statistics
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_Subtraction(t *testing.T) {
+	expression := "1d6-1d4"
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to calculate %s: %v", expression, err)
+	}
+	// 1d6 (1-6) - 1d4 (1-4) gives range -3 to 5
+	if stats.MinValue != -3 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue -3, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+	if stats.MaxValue != 5 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxValue 5, got %d", stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_MultiplyConstants tests multiplying constants
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_MultiplyConstants(t *testing.T) {
+	expression := "3 * 4"
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if stats.MinValue != 12 || stats.MaxValue != 12 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 12-12, got %d-%d", stats.MinValue, stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_DiceMultiplication tests dice multiplication
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_DiceMultiplication(t *testing.T) {
+	expression := "1d4 * 1d3"
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Min: 1*1 = 1, Max: 4*3 = 12
+	if stats.MinValue != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue 1, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+	if stats.MaxValue != 12 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxValue 12, got %d", stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_HighestModifier tests highest die modifier
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_HighestModifier(t *testing.T) {
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics("4d6H")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// 4d6H returns highest die (1-6)
+	if stats.MinValue != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue 1, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+	if stats.MaxValue != 6 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxValue 6, got %d", stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_LowestModifier tests lowest die modifier
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_LowestModifier(t *testing.T) {
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics("4d6L")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// 4d6L returns lowest die (1-6)
+	if stats.MinValue != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue 1, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+	if stats.MaxValue != 6 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxValue 6, got %d", stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_EmptyExpression tests error handling
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_EmptyExpression(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := CalculateDiceStatistics("")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("Empty expression should return error")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_InvalidDiceCount tests invalid dice count
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_InvalidDiceCount(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := CalculateDiceStatistics("0d6")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("0d6 should return error")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_InvalidDiceSides tests invalid dice sides
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_InvalidDiceSides(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := CalculateDiceStatistics("1d0")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("1d0 should return error")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_UnexpectedCharacter tests invalid character
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_UnexpectedCharacter(t *testing.T) {
+	_, err := CalculateDiceStatistics("1d6@")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("Invalid character should return error")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_LargeNumberOfDice tests statistics with many dice
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_LargeNumberOfDice(t *testing.T) {
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics("10d6")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// 10d6 ranges from 10 to 60
+	if stats.MinValue != 10 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue 10, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+	if stats.MaxValue != 60 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxValue 60, got %d", stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+	// Average of 10d6 should be around 35 (10 * 3.5)
+	expectedAvg := 35.0
+	if stats.Average < expectedAvg-1 || stats.Average > expectedAvg+1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected average ~35, got %f", stats.Average)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_DiceDivision tests dice division
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_DiceDivision(t *testing.T) {
+	expression := "1d10 / 2"
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// 1d10 (1-10) / 2: floor division gives 0-5
+	if stats.MinValue != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue 0, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+	if stats.MaxValue != 5 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxValue 5, got %d", stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_NegativeResults tests expressions with negative results
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_NegativeResults(t *testing.T) {
+	expression := "1d4 - 10"
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// 1d4 (1-4) - 10 = -9 to -6
+	if stats.MinValue != -9 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue -9, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+	if stats.MaxValue != -6 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxValue -6, got %d", stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_Parentheses tests parentheses in expressions
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_Parentheses(t *testing.T) {
+	expression := "(1d4 + 2) * 3"
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// (1d4 + 2) * 3 = (3-6) * 3 = 9-18
+	if stats.MinValue != 9 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue 9, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+	if stats.MaxValue != 18 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxValue 18, got %d", stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_Exponentiation tests exponentiation in expressions
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_Exponentiation(t *testing.T) {
+	expression := "1d4 ^ 2"
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// 1d4 ^ 2: outcomes 1, 4, 9, 16
+	if stats.MinValue != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue 1, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+	if stats.MaxValue != 16 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxValue 16, got %d", stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+	// Check that 2 is NOT in results
+	if _, exists := stats.Results[2]; exists {
+		t.Errorf("Outcome 2 should not exist for 1d4^2")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_MaxPercentage tests max percentage calculation
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_MaxPercentage(t *testing.T) {
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics("d6")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// For d6, all outcomes equally likely: 1/6 ≈ 16.67%
+	expectedMaxPct := (1.0 / 6.0) * 100
+	if stats.MaxPercentage < expectedMaxPct-1 || stats.MaxPercentage > expectedMaxPct+1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxPercentage ~16.67%%, got %f%%", stats.MaxPercentage)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_DistributionSum tests that distribution probabilities sum to 1
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_DistributionSum(t *testing.T) {
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics("2d6")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	sum := 0.0
+	for _, prob := range stats.Results {
+		sum += prob
+	}
+	// Probabilities should sum to ~1.0
+	if sum < 0.999 || sum > 1.001 {
+		t.Errorf("Probabilities should sum to 1.0, got %f", sum)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_GetSortedOutcomes tests GetSortedOutcomes method
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_GetSortedOutcomes(t *testing.T) {
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics("1d6")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	outcomes := stats.GetSortedOutcomes()
+	if len(outcomes) != 6 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 6 outcomes, got %d", len(outcomes))
+	}
+	// Check they're sorted
+	for i := 1; i < len(outcomes); i++ {
+		if outcomes[i] <= outcomes[i-1] {
+			t.Errorf("Outcomes not properly sorted: %v", outcomes)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_GetMaxPercentage tests GetMaxPercentage method
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_GetMaxPercentage(t *testing.T) {
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics("d20")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	maxPct := stats.GetMaxPercentage()
+	expectedMaxPct := 5.0 // 1/20 = 0.05 = 5%
+	if maxPct < expectedMaxPct-0.1 || maxPct > expectedMaxPct+0.1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxPercentage 5%%, got %f%%", maxPct)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_ComplexExpression tests complex expression
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_ComplexExpression(t *testing.T) {
+	expression := "2d6 + 1d4 + 3"
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// 2d6 (2-12) + 1d4 (1-4) + 3 = 6-19
+	if stats.MinValue != 6 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue 6, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+	if stats.MaxValue != 19 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxValue 19, got %d", stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_ThreeDiceSum tests sum of three different dice
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_ThreeDiceSum(t *testing.T) {
+	expression := "1d4 + 1d6 + 1d8"
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Min: 1+1+1 = 3, Max: 4+6+8 = 18
+	if stats.MinValue != 3 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue 3, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+	if stats.MaxValue != 18 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxValue 18, got %d", stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_ImplicitMultiplication tests implicit multiplication
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_ImplicitMultiplication(t *testing.T) {
+	// 2d10 should be treated as 2 dice of 10 sides, not 2 * d10
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics("2d10")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if stats.MinValue != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue 2, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+	if stats.MaxValue != 20 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxValue 20, got %d", stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_OutcomeAtBoundary tests outcomes at boundaries
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_OutcomeAtBoundary(t *testing.T) {
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics("1d20")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Check minimum boundary
+	if _, exists := stats.Results[1]; !exists {
+		t.Errorf("Expected outcome 1 for d20")
+	}
+	// Check maximum boundary
+	if _, exists := stats.Results[20]; !exists {
+		t.Errorf("Expected outcome 20 for d20")
+	}
+	// Check just outside boundaries
+	if _, exists := stats.Results[0]; exists {
+		t.Errorf("Outcome 0 should not exist for d20")
+	}
+	if _, exists := stats.Results[21]; exists {
+		t.Errorf("Outcome 21 should not exist for d20")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_SortedOutcomesAreUnique tests that sorted outcomes are unique
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_SortedOutcomesAreUnique(t *testing.T) {
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics("2d6")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	seen := make(map[int]bool)
+	for _, outcome := range stats.SortedOutcomes {
+		if seen[outcome] {
+			t.Errorf("Outcome %d appears more than once in SortedOutcomes", outcome)
+		}
+		seen[outcome] = true
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_AverageInRange tests that average is within min/max
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_AverageInRange(t *testing.T) {
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics("1d20")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if stats.Average < float64(stats.MinValue) || stats.Average > float64(stats.MaxValue) {
+		t.Errorf("Average %f should be between min %d and max %d", stats.Average, stats.MinValue, stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_MostCommonInResults tests that MostCommon is in Results
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_MostCommonInResults(t *testing.T) {
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics("2d6")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, exists := stats.Results[stats.MostCommon]; !exists {
+		t.Errorf("MostCommon value %d should exist in Results", stats.MostCommon)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_WhitespaceHandling tests whitespace in expressions
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_WhitespaceHandling(t *testing.T) {
+	expression := "  1d6  +  2  "
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if stats.MinValue != 3 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MinValue 3, got %d", stats.MinValue)
+	}
+	if stats.MaxValue != 8 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected MaxValue 8, got %d", stats.MaxValue)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalculateDiceStatistics_ZeroOutcome tests expressions that can produce zero
+func TestCalculateDiceStatistics_ZeroOutcome(t *testing.T) {
+	expression := "1d4 - 1d4"
+	stats, err := CalculateDiceStatistics(expression)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Should include zero outcome
+	if _, exists := stats.Results[0]; !exists {
+		t.Errorf("Expected outcome 0 for 1d4 - 1d4")
+	}
+}

ui.go

@@ -2,10 +2,13 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"image/color"
+	"math"
+	"unicode/utf8"
 
 	"fyne.io/fyne/v2"
 	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/canvas"
 	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/driver/desktop"
+	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/driver/mobile"
 	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/theme"
 	"fyne.io/fyne/v2/widget"
 )
@@ -80,6 +83,11 @@ type customButton2 struct {
 	Text       string
 	OnTapped   func()
 	Importance widget.Importance
+	TextSize   float32
+	Background color.Color
+	Foreground color.Color
+	hovered    bool
+	pressed    bool
 }
 
 func (b *customButton2) CreateRenderer() fyne.WidgetRenderer {
@@ -104,14 +112,39 @@ func (b *customButton2) TappedSecondary(*fyne.PointEvent) {
 }
 
 func (b *customButton2) MouseIn(*desktop.MouseEvent) {
+	b.hovered = true
+	b.Refresh()
 }
 
 func (b *customButton2) MouseOut() {
+	b.hovered = false
+	b.pressed = false
+	b.Refresh()
 }
 
 func (b *customButton2) MouseMoved(*desktop.MouseEvent) {
 }
 
+func (b *customButton2) MouseDown(*desktop.MouseEvent) {
+	b.pressed = true
+	b.Refresh()
+}
+
+func (b *customButton2) MouseUp(*desktop.MouseEvent) {
+	b.pressed = false
+	b.Refresh()
+}
+
+func (b *customButton2) TouchDown(*mobile.TouchEvent) {
+	b.pressed = true
+	b.Refresh()
+}
+
+func (b *customButton2) TouchUp(*mobile.TouchEvent) {
+	b.pressed = false
+	b.Refresh()
+}
+
 type customButton2Renderer struct {
 	text       *canvas.Text
 	background *canvas.Rectangle
@@ -122,9 +155,12 @@ type customButton2Renderer struct {
 func (r *customButton2Renderer) Layout(size fyne.Size) {
 	r.background.Resize(size)
 	r.text.Resize(size)
-	newTextSize := size.Height * 0.4
+	newTextSize := r.button.TextSize
-	if size.Width < newTextSize {
+	if newTextSize <= 0 {
-		newTextSize = size.Width * 0.4
+		newTextSize = size.Height * 0.4
+		if size.Width < newTextSize {
+			newTextSize = size.Width * 0.4
+		}
 	}
 	r.text.TextSize = newTextSize
 }
@@ -135,6 +171,7 @@ func (r *customButton2Renderer) MinSize() fyne.Size {
 
 func (r *customButton2Renderer) Refresh() {
 	r.text.Text = r.button.Text
+	r.text.TextSize = r.button.TextSize
 	r.text.Color = r.button.textColor()
 	r.text.Refresh()
 	r.background.FillColor = r.button.backgroundColor()
@@ -149,6 +186,21 @@ func (r *customButton2Renderer) Destroy() {
 }
 
 func (b *customButton2) backgroundColor() color.Color {
+	base := b.baseBackgroundColor()
+	switch {
+	case b.pressed:
+		return adjustColorBrightness(base, 0.82)
+	case b.hovered:
+		return adjustColorBrightness(base, 1.12)
+	default:
+		return base
+	}
+}
+
+func (b *customButton2) baseBackgroundColor() color.Color {
+	if b.Background != nil {
+		return b.Background
+	}
 	variant := fyne.CurrentApp().Settings().ThemeVariant()
 	switch b.Importance {
 	case widget.HighImportance:
@@ -159,6 +211,9 @@ func (b *customButton2) backgroundColor() color.Color {
 }
 
 func (b *customButton2) textColor() color.Color {
+	if b.Foreground != nil {
+		return b.Foreground
+	}
 	variant := fyne.CurrentApp().Settings().ThemeVariant()
 	switch b.Importance {
 	case widget.HighImportance:
@@ -187,12 +242,47 @@ func newCustomButton2WithImportance(label string, importance widget.Importance,
 	return b
 }
 
+func newCustomButton2WithColors(label string, background, foreground color.Color, onTap func()) *customButton2 {
+	b := &customButton2{
+		Text:       label,
+		OnTapped:   onTap,
+		Background: background,
+		Foreground: foreground,
+	}
+	b.ExtendBaseWidget(b)
+	return b
+}
+
+func adjustColorBrightness(c color.Color, factor float64) color.Color {
+	r, g, b, a := c.RGBA()
+	return color.NRGBA{
+		R: scaleColorChannel(r, factor),
+		G: scaleColorChannel(g, factor),
+		B: scaleColorChannel(b, factor),
+		A: uint8(a >> 8),
+	}
+}
+
+func scaleColorChannel(channel uint32, factor float64) uint8 {
+	value := float64(channel>>8) * factor
+	return uint8(math.Max(0, math.Min(255, value)))
+}
+
 // customEntry is a custom entry widget with configurable text size
 type customEntry struct {
 	widget.Entry
 	TextSize float32
 }
 
+func (e *customEntry) MinSize() fyne.Size {
+	min := e.Entry.MinSize()
+	targetHeight := e.TextSize * 2.2
+	if min.Height < targetHeight {
+		min.Height = targetHeight
+	}
+	return min
+}
+
 func (e *customEntry) CreateRenderer() fyne.WidgetRenderer {
 	// Call the parent's CreateRenderer to ensure proper initialization
 	renderer := e.Entry.CreateRenderer()
@@ -210,12 +300,6 @@ type customEntryRenderer struct {
 }
 
 func (r *customEntryRenderer) Layout(size fyne.Size) {
-	// Update TextSize on all canvas text objects
-	for _, obj := range r.parentRenderer.Objects() {
-		if text, ok := obj.(*canvas.Text); ok {
-			text.TextSize = r.entry.TextSize
-		}
-	}
 	r.parentRenderer.Layout(size)
 }
 
@@ -224,12 +308,6 @@ func (r *customEntryRenderer) MinSize() fyne.Size {
 }
 
 func (r *customEntryRenderer) Refresh() {
-	// Update TextSize on all canvas text objects
-	for _, obj := range r.parentRenderer.Objects() {
-		if text, ok := obj.(*canvas.Text); ok {
-			text.TextSize = r.entry.TextSize
-		}
-	}
 	r.parentRenderer.Refresh()
 }
 
@@ -302,3 +380,122 @@ func (a *aspectRatioLayout) Layout(objects []fyne.CanvasObject, size fyne.Size)
 func (a *aspectRatioLayout) MinSize(objects []fyne.CanvasObject) fyne.Size {
 	return fyne.NewSize(10, 10)
 }
+
+type gridSpan struct {
+	row     int
+	col     int
+	rowSpan int
+	colSpan int
+}
+
+type spanGridLayout struct {
+	rows  int
+	cols  int
+	spans map[fyne.CanvasObject]gridSpan
+}
+
+func newSpanGridLayout(rows, cols int, spans map[fyne.CanvasObject]gridSpan) fyne.Layout {
+	return &spanGridLayout{
+		rows:  rows,
+		cols:  cols,
+		spans: spans,
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *spanGridLayout) Layout(objects []fyne.CanvasObject, size fyne.Size) {
+	if s.rows <= 0 || s.cols <= 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	cellWidth := size.Width / float32(s.cols)
+	cellHeight := size.Height / float32(s.rows)
+	uniformTextSize := float32(0)
+
+	for _, o := range objects {
+		button, ok := o.(*customButton2)
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		span, ok := s.spans[o]
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		rowSpan := max(span.rowSpan, 1)
+		colSpan := max(span.colSpan, 1)
+		buttonSize := fyne.NewSize(float32(colSpan)*cellWidth, float32(rowSpan)*cellHeight)
+		candidateSize := maxUniformButtonTextSize(button.Text, buttonSize)
+		if candidateSize <= 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		if uniformTextSize == 0 || candidateSize < uniformTextSize {
+			uniformTextSize = candidateSize
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, o := range objects {
+		if button, ok := o.(*customButton2); ok {
+			button.TextSize = uniformTextSize
+		}
+
+		span, ok := s.spans[o]
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		rowSpan := max(span.rowSpan, 1)
+		colSpan := max(span.colSpan, 1)
+
+		x := float32(span.col) * cellWidth
+		y := float32(span.row) * cellHeight
+		width := float32(colSpan) * cellWidth
+		height := float32(rowSpan) * cellHeight
+
+		o.Move(fyne.NewPos(x, y))
+		o.Resize(fyne.NewSize(width, height))
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *spanGridLayout) MinSize(objects []fyne.CanvasObject) fyne.Size {
+	return fyne.NewSize(10, 10)
+}
+
+func maxUniformButtonTextSize(label string, size fyne.Size) float32 {
+	const (
+		horizontalPaddingFactor = 0.75
+		heightFactor            = 0.42
+		avgCharWidthFactor      = 0.62
+	)
+
+	maxByHeight := size.Height * heightFactor
+	charCount := utf8.RuneCountInString(label)
+	if charCount <= 0 {
+		return maxByHeight
+	}
+
+	maxByWidth := (size.Width * horizontalPaddingFactor) / (float32(charCount) * avgCharWidthFactor)
+	if maxByWidth < maxByHeight {
+		return maxByWidth
+	}
+	return maxByHeight
+}
+
+type sizeOverrideTheme struct {
+	fyne.Theme
+	textSize float32
+}
+
+func (t *sizeOverrideTheme) Size(name fyne.ThemeSizeName) float32 {
+	if name == theme.SizeNameText {
+		return t.textSize
+	}
+	return t.Theme.Size(name)
+}
+
+func newSizeOverrideTheme(base fyne.Theme, textSize float32) fyne.Theme {
+	return &sizeOverrideTheme{
+		Theme:    base,
+		textSize: textSize,
+	}
+}